Supply chain management simulation: an overview

Synthesis of Vendome team research works (team belonging to GDR MACS - CNRS)Chapter 1 : Supply chain management simulation: an overvie

Reorganisation ofHoxdregulatory landscapes during the evolution of a snake-like body plan

Within land vertebrate species, snakes display extreme variations in their body plan, characterized by the absence of limbs and an elongated morphology. Such a particular interpretation of the basic vertebrate body architecture has often been associated with changes in the function or regulation of Hox genes. Here, we use an interspecies comparative approach to investigate different regulatory aspects at the snake HoxD locus. We report that, unlike in other vertebrates, snake mesoderm-specific enhancers are mostly located within the HoxD cluster itself rather than outside. In addition, despite both the absence of limbs and an altered Hoxd gene regulation in external genitalia, the limb-associated bimodal HoxD chromatin structure is maintained at the snake locus. Finally, we show that snake and mouse orthologous enhancer sequences can display distinct expression specificities. These results show that vertebrate morphological evolution likely involved extensive reorganisation at Hox loci, yet within a generally conserved regulatory framework.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia grant: (PTDB/BEX-BID/0899/2014); Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung grant: (310030B_138662); Claraz Foundation; Université de Genève; Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo

In Vitro Evaluation of a Soluble Leishmania Promastigote Surface Antigen as a Potential Vaccine Candidate against Human Leishmaniasis

International audiencePSA (Promastigote Surface Antigen) belongs to a family of membrane-bound and secreted proteins present in severalLeishmania (L.) species. PSA is recognized by human Th1 cells and provides a high degree of protection in vaccinated mice.We evaluated humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a L. amazonensis PSA protein (LaPSA-38S) produced in aL. tarentolae expression system. This was done in individuals cured of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major (CCLm) or L.braziliensis (CCLb) or visceral leishmaniasis due to L. donovani (CVLd) and in healthy individuals. Healthy individuals weresubdivided into immune (HHR-Lm and HHR-Li: Healthy High Responders living in an endemic area for L. major or L. infantuminfection) or non immune/naive individuals (HLR: Healthy Low Responders), depending on whether they produce high orlow levels of IFN-c in response to Leishmania soluble antigen. Low levels of total IgG antibodies to LaPSA-38S were detectedin sera from the studied groups. Interestingly, LaPSA-38S induced specific and significant levels of IFN-c, granzyme B and IL-10 in CCLm, HHR-Lm and HHR-Li groups, with HHR-Li group producing TNF-a in more. No significant cytokine response wasobserved in individuals immune to L. braziliensis or L. donovani infection. Phenotypic analysis showed a significant increasein CD4+ T cells producing IFN-c after LaPSA-38S stimulation, in CCLm. A high positive correlation was observed between thepercentage of IFN-c-producing CD4+ T cells and the released IFN-c. We showed that the LaPSA-38S protein was able toinduce a mixed Th1 and Th2/Treg cytokine response in individuals with immunity to L. major or L. infantum infectionindicating that it may be exploited as a vaccine candidate. We also showed, to our knowledge for the first time, the capacityof Leishmania PSA protein to induce granzyme B production in humans with immunity to L. major and L. infantum infectio

Potentialité des techniques de l'intelligence artificielle pour l'élaboration de règles de conduite d'un atelier de production

ksInternational audienc

A unified setting for various models of automated material flow and production systems

ksInternational audienceA conceptual framework is proposed for the description of discrete-event models of material flow and production systems. It is built in accordance with the traditional view of systems as a set of related objects. Objects express resources, and relations define activities. Various models can be described by the way the state-transition mapping is specified, such as stochastic queuing networks, event-graphs, Petri nets, and discrete-event simulation models. The proposed setting may help building consistent models at various stages of the design of a manufacturing system, and can be used as a basis for a tutorial presentation of existing approaches.On propose un cadre conceptuel pour la description de modèles à évènement discrets de systèmes de manutention et de fabrication. Il est conçu selon la vision traditionelle d'un système comme ensemble d'objets en relation. Les objets traduisent les ressources en matériel, et les relations définissent des activités. Les différents modèles différent principalement par la façon dont la logique de changement d'état est décrite. On passe en revue les modèles stochastiques, les graphes d'évènements, les réseaux de Pétri, et la simulation àévènements discrets. L'approche proposée cherche à garder une cohérence entre les modèles utilisés à differents stades de la conception d'un système de production. Elle donne aussi l'occasion d'une revue unifiée de ces modèles

Modélisation et simulation de systèmes automatisés de production

AFCETInternational audienc